If you’re looking to boost recovery and ride longer, I recommend checking out the top massage guns designed for cyclists. These devices offer deep tissue percussion, customizable speeds, and targeted attachments that help reduce soreness and muscle tension efficiently. Many models are quiet, portable, and rechargeable, making recovery sessions easy to fit into your busy schedule. Keep exploring to find the perfect fit for your endurance journey and learn more about these game-changing tools.
Key Takeaways
- Deep tissue percussion technology with adjustable speeds and multiple attachments targets muscle soreness efficiently.
- Portable, lightweight designs with extended handles allow easy access to hard-to-reach muscle groups.
- Quiet operation and long battery life support discreet, extended recovery sessions during rides or at home.
- Customizable therapy options, including heat and pressure-adaptive speeds, optimize recovery for individual needs.
- Durable construction and user-friendly controls enable effective, prolonged use to help cyclists ride longer with less fatigue.
TOLOCO Massage Gun, Deep Tissue Percussion Massager with 10 Heads
If you’re a cyclist looking for an effective way to relieve muscle fatigue and soreness, the TOLOCO Massage Gun is an excellent choice. It delivers deep tissue percussion with 12mm penetration and up to 3200 rpm, targeting tight muscles efficiently. With 10 interchangeable heads, it adapts to different muscle groups, making recovery versatile and straightforward. Its ergonomic, lightweight design guarantees easy handling at home, gym, or office. The smart LED touchscreen allows quick adjustments, while multiple speed levels customize the massage. Operating quietly at 40-50dB, it provides powerful relief without disturbance. Long-lasting battery life of up to 6 hours makes it reliable for frequent use.
Best For: cyclists, athletes, or anyone seeking effective muscle recovery and soreness relief through deep tissue massage.
Pros:
- Powerful deep tissue percussion with 12mm penetration up to 3200 rpm effectively reduces muscle fatigue and pain.
- Versatile with 10 interchangeable heads suitable for different muscle groups and easy to clean.
- Quiet operation at 40-50dB combined with ergonomic, lightweight design for comfortable use at home or on the go.
Cons:
- Battery lifespan may decline with frequent use, especially at higher speeds, potentially requiring replacement after around 2 years.
- Charging requires a USB-C cable without a plug, which may be less convenient for some users.
- Some users report that the device can get warm with extended sessions, though it generally maintains good performance.
Massage Gun Deep Tissue Percussion Back Massager with 8 Heads & 20 Speeds
The Massage Gun Deep Tissue Percussion Back Massager with 8 heads and 20 speeds is an excellent choice for athletes and active individuals seeking targeted muscle relief. Its versatile design includes 10 massage heads, with 8 interchangeable options to target different muscle groups effectively. The lightweight, portable build comes with a sturdy case, making it easy to carry anywhere. With a quiet motor and adjustable LCD touch screen offering 20 speeds, it provides customizable deep tissue stimulation, ideal for reducing soreness and improving circulation. Whether post-workout or during recovery, this massager promotes faster muscle recovery and helps you ride longer.
Best For: athletes, active individuals, and anyone seeking targeted muscle relief and faster recovery from soreness.
Pros:
- Versatile with 10 massage heads and 20 adjustable speeds for personalized treatments
- Lightweight, portable design with a sturdy carrying case for easy transport
- Ultra-quiet operation ensures discreet use without disturbance
Cons:
- May require some time to familiarize with different head attachments and settings
- Battery life could be limited during extended use without recharging
- Higher price point compared to basic massage devices
Massage Gun Deep Tissue Handheld Electric Muscle Massager with 9 Attachments & 30 Speeds
Cyclists seeking targeted muscle relief will find the Massage Gun Deep Tissue by Olsky especially beneficial, thanks to its 9 interchangeable attachments and 30 adjustable speeds. This handheld device offers customizable treatment for various muscle groups, from legs to neck, with high-intensity percussion to reduce soreness and tension. Its ergonomic design ensures comfortable handling, while the rechargeable battery provides hours of use. The smart LED display makes it easy to monitor speed and battery life. Many users report noticeable improvements in recovery times and muscle relaxation. Despite some concerns about durability, it’s a versatile, affordable option that helps us ride longer and recover faster.
Best For: Cyclists and athletes seeking targeted muscle relief, recovery, and relaxation to enhance performance and reduce soreness.
Pros:
- Customizable treatment with 9 attachments and 30 adjustable speeds for precise muscle targeting.
- Ergonomic design and quiet operation for comfortable, discreet use during recovery sessions.
- Rechargeable battery with long-lasting performance, providing hours of effective massage.
Cons:
- Some users report durability issues, including overheating and attachment melting over time.
- Inconsistent attachment fit at higher speeds may affect massage effectiveness.
- Occasional malfunction of speed buttons or device stalling under pressure has been noted.
TOLOCO Massage Gun Deep Tissue Percussion Massager (Black)
Designed for athletes and fitness enthusiasts, the TOLOCO Massage Gun Deep Tissue Percussion Massager stands out with its powerful motor and customizable intensity levels. It offers 7 adjustable speeds (2200-3300rpm) to target different muscle needs, from relaxation to deep tissue recovery. Quiet operation (under 40 decibels) guarantees discreet use, while 10 interchangeable heads provide versatile treatment for various body parts. The ergonomic, non-slip handle guarantees a secure grip, even with sweaty palms. Its rechargeable USB battery supports long sessions, making it perfect for recovery at the gym, office, or home. Overall, it’s a reliable tool to ease soreness and enhance performance.
Best For: athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and individuals seeking effective deep tissue muscle relief and recovery.
Pros:
- Powerful motor with 7 adjustable speed levels for customizable massage intensity
- Quiet operation (under 40 decibels) for discreet use in any environment
- Comes with 10 interchangeable heads, suitable for various body parts and needs
Cons:
- Battery life may decrease over time with frequent use and complete drains
- Some users experienced initial product issues such as DOA units
- Slightly heavier weight may be less ideal for prolonged handheld use
Massage Gun, Electric Deep Tissue Back Massager with 30 Speeds and 9 Heads
For cyclists seeking targeted muscle relief, this electric deep tissue back massager offers a customizable experience with 30 speeds and 9 interchangeable heads. It penetrates muscles to ease soreness, knots, and trigger points, making it ideal for recovery after long rides. The adjustable settings let us tailor treatments to sensitive areas or full-power massages. Its compact, lightweight design with a long-lasting battery ensures portability for use at the gym, office, or during travel. Despite some concerns about plastic build and attachment security, most users find it effective, versatile, and a great value for maintaining muscle health and reducing recovery time.
Best For: athletes, gym enthusiasts, and cyclists seeking targeted muscle recovery and pain relief at home or on the go.
Pros:
- Customizable with 30 speeds and 9 interchangeable heads for personalized treatment.
- Compact, lightweight design with long-lasting battery for portability during travel, gym, or office use.
- Effective deep tissue relief suitable for muscle recovery, stress relief, and reducing soreness.
Cons:
- Some users report issues with attachment security and occasional loosening during use.
- Plastic build may feel cheap or fragile, leading to concerns about durability.
- Noise at higher speeds can be noticeable, which may affect relaxation in quiet environments.
Massage Gun, Deep Tissue Handheld Back Massager with 6 Attachments & 30 Speeds
This handheld deep tissue massager is ideal for athletes and fitness enthusiasts who need targeted muscle relief after intense rides or workouts. It offers six interchangeable heads, including ball, bullet, flat, thumb, U-shaped, and D-shaped, to target different muscle groups precisely. With 30 adjustable speeds, it can deliver gentle awakening or deep, professional-like massages. Its compact, lightweight, and ergonomic design makes it easy to use at home, in the gym, or on the go. Quiet operation guarantees you can relax without disturbance. Although some users report durability issues, this device remains a versatile tool for muscle recovery and stress relief.
Best For: athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and anyone seeking targeted muscle relief and recovery after workouts or long activities.
Pros:
- Offers 30 adjustable speeds and 6 interchangeable heads for customized massage experiences.
- Compact, lightweight, and ergonomic design makes it portable and easy to handle.
- Quiet operation allows for relaxation without disturbing surroundings.
Cons:
- Durability issues with attachments and device malfunction reported by some users.
- Battery life varies, with some experiencing only 20-30 minutes per charge and charging inconsistencies.
- Build quality concerns, including loose attachments at high speeds and short device lifespan.
Cotsoco Massage Gun with 9 Attachments and 20 Speeds
The Cotsoco Massage Gun with 9 attachments and 20 speeds stands out as an ideal choice for cyclists seeking effective muscle recovery on the go. Its portable, lightweight design and included carrying case make it easy to take anywhere. The quiet brushless motor ensures silent operation, perfect for use in places like gyms, airports, or offices. With 9 massage heads and 20 adjustable speeds up to 3200 RPM, it targets various muscle groups, alleviating fatigue and soreness. Whether for post-ride recovery or daily relaxation, this device helps accelerate muscle healing, reduce stiffness, and improve comfort, making it a versatile tool for endurance athletes.
Best For: athletes, especially cyclists, seeking portable, effective muscle recovery and relief on the go.
Pros:
- Portable and lightweight design with a carrying case for easy transportation
- Quiet brushless motor ensures silent operation in various settings
- Multiple attachments and adjustable speeds provide targeted, customizable massage therapy
Cons:
- May require frequent recharging due to high power usage with multiple speed settings
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic massage devices
- The variety of attachments might be overwhelming for first-time users
Massage Gun with Upgraded Extension Handle
An upgraded extension handle makes this massage gun an ideal tool for cyclists who need targeted relief in hard-to-reach areas. Its ergonomic 120° curved, elongated handle allows us to easily reach shoulders, neck, lower back, and feet without straining. Equipped with a powerful motor reaching up to 4,000 RPM, it delivers deep tissue percussion to soothe tight muscles after long rides. The advanced shock-absorbing technology and vibrations dispersed through the extended handle enhance comfort and efficiency. With intelligent controls, an LCD display, and customizable speed settings, this massage gun offers personalized relief while operating quietly below 45 dB, perfect for post-ride recovery.
Best For: cyclists and athletes seeking targeted, deep tissue relief in hard-to-reach areas after training or long rides.
Pros:
- Ergonomic 120° curved extended handle for easy reach and reduced strain
- Powerful motor up to 4,000 RPM delivers effective deep tissue percussion
- Quiet operation below 45 dB ensures a relaxing massage experience without disturbance
Cons:
- May be heavier than standard massage guns due to extended handle and additional features
- The multiple adjustable settings and heads might require a learning curve for optimal use
- Battery life, while sufficient, could be limiting for prolonged, all-day sessions
AERLANG Massage Gun with Heat, Deep Tissue Back and Neck Massager for Pain Relief
For cyclists seeking effective muscle recovery and pain relief, the AERLANG Massage Gun with Heat stands out thanks to its heated massage head. It offers deep tissue percussion therapy, helping to break up knots, boost circulation, and accelerate recovery. The adjustable heat and seven interchangeable heads enable targeted treatment for different muscle groups, especially the back and neck. With 20 speeds, an LCD touchscreen, and a portable design, it’s easy to customize and handle. Rechargeable via USB-C, it’s perfect for use at home, on the go, or during travel. This versatile device reduces soreness, relaxes muscles, and enhances flexibility, making it a valuable tool for cyclists.
Best For: cyclists and active individuals seeking effective muscle recovery, pain relief, and targeted relaxation for back and neck muscles.
Pros:
- Heated massage head accelerates muscle relaxation and enhances therapy effects
- Multiple adjustable speeds and interchangeable heads for personalized treatment
- Compact, portable design with USB-C rechargeable batteries for convenient use anywhere
Cons:
- Some users find the device slightly heavy for extended use
- Limited massage patterns, mainly varying in speed and intensity without different rhythms
- Occasional reports of reduced battery performance after repeated charges
Arboleaf Massage Gun Deep Tissue Handheld Massager
Arboleaf’s Deep Tissue Handheld Massager stands out with its lightweight design and quiet operation, making it an ideal choice for cyclists seeking effective muscle relief without disruption. Weighing just 1.04 pounds, it’s portable and easy to handle, even on lower back muscles. Its metal body and T-grip make it comfortable to use, while noise levels stay between 35dB-55dB, ensuring quiet sessions anywhere. The device features five pressure-adaptive speed levels, automatically adjusting from 1000 to 3200 rpm, and includes four silicone heads for targeted relief on shoulders, legs, and more. With a long-lasting battery and safety auto shut-off, it’s built for reliable, on-the-go recovery.
Best For: athletes, cyclists, and anyone seeking portable, quiet, and effective deep tissue muscle relief on the go.
Pros:
- Lightweight and portable at only 1.04 lbs for easy handling and travel.
- Quiet operation with noise levels between 35dB-55dB, suitable for discreet use anywhere.
- Pressure-adaptive speed with 5 levels for customized massage experiences.
Cons:
- Limited to 5 speed levels, which may not suit users requiring more granular adjustments.
- Battery life of approximately 15 days with 30-minute daily use might be insufficient for heavy users.
- Only four interchangeable heads, which may not cover all muscle groups or preferences.
Massage Gun for Deep Muscle Relief with 4 Interchangeable Heads
Cyclists seeking targeted relief will find the massage gun with four interchangeable heads an excellent choice, as it easily adapts to different muscle groups to accelerate recovery. Its compact, lightweight design makes it easy to handle and carry, perfect for on-the-go use. Equipped with a powerful 1500 mAh battery, it provides up to 150 minutes of continuous massage and features an intelligent pressure sensor that adjusts intensity automatically. With six speed levels, it effectively targets sore muscles in the back, legs, neck, and feet. Its quiet operation and user-friendly design make recovery sessions comfortable, whether at home, at the gym, or on the trail.
Best For: athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and cyclists seeking portable, targeted muscle relief and recovery on the go.
Pros:
- Compact, lightweight design for easy handling and travel convenience
- Powerful 1500 mAh battery offering up to 150 minutes of continuous use
- Six adjustable speed levels with interchangeable heads for customized therapy
Cons:
- USB charging cable included, but plug not provided, which may require additional accessories
- Automatic shutoff after 15 minutes may interrupt longer massage sessions
- Limited to six speed levels, which might not suit users seeking very precise intensity control
opove M3 Pro 2 Massage Gun Deep Tissue Percussion Muscle Massager
The opove M3 Pro 2 Massage Gun stands out with its deep tissue percussion capability, making it ideal for athletes who need targeted muscle relief after intense rides. With a 12mm amplitude and up to 70 lbs stall force, it delivers powerful, precise massage therapy. The 5-speed settings up to 2500 RPM ensure effective yet comfortable treatment, preventing desensitization. Its long-lasting battery provides 4-8 hours of use, perfect for recovery sessions. The redesigned heat-dissipating vents improve durability and prevent overheating. Plus, the sleek carrying case makes it portable and easy to store, so we can recover faster and ride longer wherever we are.
Best For: athletes and fitness enthusiasts seeking deep tissue muscle relief and recovery after intense workouts or rides.
Pros:
- Deep tissue percussion with 12mm amplitude and 70 lbs stall force for targeted muscle relief
- Long-lasting battery offering 4-8 hours of continuous use, suitable for extended recovery sessions
- Heat-dissipating vents enhance durability and prevent overheating during use
Cons:
- Slightly heavier than basic models, which may affect prolonged handheld use
- Higher price point compared to entry-level massage guns, potentially limiting accessibility
- May produce noise at higher speed settings, which could be distracting during use
LifePro Sonic LX Heated Massage Gun for Muscle Recovery
For athletes seeking effective muscle recovery on the go, the LifePro Sonic LX Heated Massage Gun stands out with its combination of deep tissue percussion and targeted heat therapy. It offers nine speed levels and ten interchangeable heads, allowing personalized treatment for stiffness and soreness. The built-in heat helps relax muscles more effectively, enhancing relief. Its rechargeable USB-C battery provides up to four hours of continuous use, while its compact, lightweight design makes it perfect for home, gym, or travel. With quiet operation and ergonomic controls, it delivers powerful, discreet therapy, ensuring comfortable, extended sessions to support muscle health and help you ride longer.
Best For: athletes, sports enthusiasts, and anyone needing effective muscle recovery on the go through customizable percussion and heat therapy.
Pros:
- Offers 9 adjustable speed levels and 10 interchangeable heads for tailored treatment
- Built-in heat therapy enhances muscle relaxation and relief
- Compact, lightweight design with up to 4 hours of rechargeable battery for portability
Cons:
- May be more expensive compared to basic massage devices
- Heavier models could cause fatigue during extended use
- Heat function might not be suitable for all skin sensitivities
Massage Gun Deep Tissue Percussion Massager for Athletes and Pain Relief
When seeking effective pain relief and muscle recovery, a deep tissue percussion massager offers targeted therapy that benefits athletes, especially those who spend long hours on their bikes. This device delivers powerful percussion to deep muscles, helping reduce soreness and speed up recovery. Its quiet brushless motor keeps noise below 40dB, creating a relaxing experience without disturbance. Its compact design makes it easy to carry to the gym or use at home. Whether you’re dealing with tightness or pain, this massager promotes better circulation and relaxation, making it an essential tool for endurance cyclists aiming to ride longer and recover faster.
Best For: athletes, especially endurance cyclists and fitness enthusiasts seeking targeted pain relief, muscle recovery, and relaxation at home or the gym.
Pros:
- Equipped with a silent brushless motor that operates below 40dB for quiet, undisturbed massages.
- Deep tissue percussion technology effectively targets muscles for pain relief and faster recovery.
- Compact and portable design makes it easy to carry and use anywhere, including at home or on the go.
Cons:
- May require multiple attachments or settings for customized therapy, which could be confusing for new users.
- The battery life might be limited with frequent use, necessitating recharging during extended sessions.
- Not suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions or injuries without consulting a healthcare professional.
Mini Massage Gun, Portable Deep Tissue Percussion Massager
A mini massage gun like the NEPQ SK6 stands out as an ideal solution for cyclists seeking quick muscle relief on the go. Its compact, lightweight design easily fits in a backpack or carry-on, making it perfect for travel, work, or post-ride recovery. With four interchangeable heads and adjustable speeds up to 3000rpm/min, it provides targeted deep tissue massage to soothe muscles and reduce soreness. Operating quietly under 40db, it won’t disturb your environment. Despite its small size, it delivers powerful percussion therapy, helping you recover faster and ride longer. Its user-friendly features and stylish appearance make it a versatile tool for daily muscle maintenance.
Best For: cyclists and active individuals seeking portable, quick muscle relief and recovery on the go.
Pros:
- Compact and lightweight design makes it easy to carry and use anywhere
- Adjustable speeds and interchangeable heads allow targeted, customizable therapy
- Quiet operation under 40db ensures discreet use in various environments
Cons:
- Battery life per session may be limited to around 15 minutes, requiring frequent recharging
- Some users report durability issues or lack of included accessories for storage and transport
- Smaller size may offer less power compared to larger, professional-grade massage guns
Factors to Consider When Choosing Massage Guns for Endurance Cyclists
When choosing a massage gun for endurance cycling, I look at several key factors to ensure it meets my needs. Things like power, battery life, and how versatile the attachments are really matter, along with noise levels and ease of use. Let’s explore these points so you can pick the best option for your recovery routine.
Power and Penetration Depth
Choosing the right massage gun for endurance cycling hinges on its power and ability to penetrate deep into muscle tissue. The stall force, which measures a device’s power, typically ranges from 35 to 70 lbs—higher forces allow for deeper muscle stimulation, essential for recovery after long rides. Amplitudes of 12-16mm help reach deep tissue layers efficiently, breaking up lactic acid and easing tension. The percussion frequency, often between 1200-3200 strikes per minute, also impacts depth, with faster rates stimulating muscle fibers more effectively. A powerful motor and quality build ensure consistent force delivery, vital for maintaining deep penetration during intense recovery sessions. Together, these factors determine how well a massage gun can target deep muscles and support your endurance training.
Portability and Battery Life
For endurance cyclists, portability and battery life are crucial features when selecting a massage gun. A lightweight, compact design makes it easy to carry during rides or travels, guaranteeing you can recover anywhere. Long-lasting battery life, ideally over four hours per charge, allows for extended recovery sessions without constant recharging. Fast-charging capabilities mean minimal downtime, so you can quickly recharge during breaks or between rides. A high-capacity, efficient battery maintains consistent performance over multiple sessions, preventing sudden power loss. Features like ergonomic handles, cordless operation, and protective carrying cases also enhance convenience, making on-the-go use seamless. Prioritizing these aspects ensures your massage gun supports your active lifestyle, helping you recover faster and ride longer without hassle.
Attachment Versatility
Since different muscle groups require targeted relief, having a massage gun with multiple interchangeable heads is essential for endurance cyclists. These heads, usually ranging from four to ten, let me customize my recovery sessions. For example, a bullet-shaped head works well for pinpointing tight spots, while a fork head is perfect for the neck and spine. A flat head covers broad areas like the quads, and a ball head targets large muscles such as calves and hamstrings. Some massage guns even feature textured surfaces for deeper tissue penetration or a more soothing massage. This versatility guarantees I can address both superficial and deep muscle layers, promoting faster recovery and reducing soreness. Switching heads allows me to tailor treatments to my specific needs and prevent injuries effectively.
Noise Levels and Discretion
When selecting a massage gun, paying attention to noise levels is crucial, especially for endurance cyclists who value discretion during recovery. Quieter models, operating below 50dB, allow you to use them without disturbing others or drawing attention, whether at home, in a gym, or during travel. Many massage guns include noise reduction features like brushless motors or soundproofing materials, making their operation more discreet and comfortable. High noise levels, exceeding 60dB, can be disruptive and may limit how often or where you use the device. Choosing a low-noise massage gun not only enhances your recovery experience but also helps maintain focus and privacy. Discretion is key for cyclists who prefer a quiet, unobtrusive way to relieve muscle tension without causing noise-related fatigue or annoyance.
Ease of Use and Controls
Choosing a massage gun with intuitive controls makes a significant difference in your recovery routine. I look for devices with simple buttons or touchscreens that let me easily adjust speed and pressure on the fly. Clear labels and at least 20 adjustable speed levels help me customize intensity without confusion, ensuring I can target sore spots effectively. An ergonomic, non-slip grip is essential for maintaining control and reducing hand fatigue during longer sessions. Quick-access controls or preset modes allow me to switch between massage settings rapidly, which is especially helpful when managing different muscle groups or soreness levels. I also prioritize responsive, durable controls that won’t malfunction after frequent use, so I can rely on my massage gun whenever I need it most.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Should I Use a Massage Gun After a Ride?
You’re wondering how long to use a massage gun after a ride, right? I usually spend about 10 to 15 minutes targeting my sore muscles, focusing on areas like quads, hamstrings, and calves. I find that short, focused sessions help reduce stiffness and boost recovery without overdoing it. Just listen to your body—if a spot feels tender, spend a little more time there, but don’t overuse it.
Can Massage Guns Prevent Cycling-Related Injuries?
Think of a massage gun as a trusty sidekick in your injury prevention toolkit. While it can’t guarantee to stop every cycling injury, it helps keep muscles loose, boosts circulation, and reduces tension—key players in injury prevention. Regular use can catch tension before it turns into pain, making your rides safer and longer. So yes, a massage gun is a valuable ally, but don’t forget proper training and rest!
Are Massage Guns Effective for Chronic Muscle Soreness?
I believe massage guns can be quite effective for chronic muscle soreness. They help increase blood flow, loosen tight muscles, and reduce tension, which can alleviate ongoing discomfort. I’ve personally found that regular use makes a noticeable difference in my recovery. However, they’re not a cure-all, so combining massage gun therapy with proper stretching and professional advice guarantees the best results for managing chronic soreness.
How Loud Are These Massage Guns During Use?
Imagine a chainsaw roaring in your ear—that’s how loud some massage guns can sound! Most models hover around 45 to 55 decibels, comparable to a loud conversation or a vacuum cleaner. While they’re not deafening, the noise level can still be noticeable, especially in quiet spaces. I find that choosing a quieter model helps me relax without feeling like I’m in a power tool workshop every time I recover.
Do Massage Guns Require Regular Maintenance or Replacements?
Massage guns do require some regular maintenance to keep them performing well. I recommend cleaning the attachments after each use and checking for any signs of wear or damage. Battery life may decrease over time, so replacing batteries or the device itself might be necessary eventually. Following the manufacturer’s guidelines helps extend your massage gun’s lifespan and guarantees it remains effective when you need it most.
Conclusion
Whether you’re aiming to recover faster, ride longer, or boost your performance, the right massage gun makes all the difference. From powerful deep tissue percussion to portable comfort, these options help you relax, rejuvenate, and stay on top of your game. Embrace the ease, enjoy the relief, and elevate your cycling experience. Because when you take care of your muscles, you can push harder, recover quicker, and ride stronger every time.
